INDIKASI UJARAN KEBENCIAN WARGANET PADA POSTINGAN AKUN INSTAGRAM @zul.has PASCABENCANA SUMATERA: ANALISIS PRAGMATIK FORENSIK

Abstract

Social media, a digital communication space, offers freedom of expression often misused through hate speech, particularly following public events like natural disasters. This study observed this phenomenon in the comment section of the Instagram account @zul.has after the Sumatra disaster in late 2025. This research describes the forms of hate speech posted by netizens, using pragmatic-forensic analysis, and analyzes their linguistic indicators based on criminal elements in the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning ITE. This qualitative descriptive study used pragmatic-forensic analysis. Data comprised netizens' comments on nine posts from the @zul.has Instagram account between November 30 and December 15, 2025. Data were collected via observation and note-taking. Analysis involved identification, classification, pragmatic analysis (using Searle's speech act theory and Culpeper's impoliteness strategies), and forensic mapping against criminal elements. The study identified 155 instances of hate speech: insults (72), defamation (13), blasphemy (2), provocation (38), incitement (5), spread of fake news (22), and offensive behavior (3). Insults were most dominant (46.45%), expressed through direct swearing and negative metaphors. Juridical mapping classified 71 instances as minor insults (Article 315 KUHP), 13 as defamation (Article 310 KUHP and Article 27A ITE Law), 2 as blasphemy (Article 156a KUHP), 5 as incitement (Article 160 KUHP), 38 as provocation, and 22 as spreading fake news (Article 28 ITE Law). Additionally, 21 instances did not meet criminal element criteria. This research enriches forensic linguistics studies and promotes prudent language use in digital spaces.